Skip to main content

Lorentz force equation

 Lorentz Force Equation


 

The force experienced by current element in magnetic field is given as sum of force due to electric field and magnetic field. 

Force due to electric field:


A region is said to be characterized by an electric field if a particle of charge q moving with

a velocity v experiences a force Fe, independent of v. The force, Fe, is given by

             Fe = qE ---------------------------------------- (1.1)

lorentz-force

                  E is the electric field intensity. Measured in newtons per coulomb (N/C) or volts per meter.

Where volt is a newton-meter per coulomb. The line integral of E between two

points A and B in an electric field region gives voltage between A and B. It is the work per unit charge done by the field in the movement of the charge from A to B.

Force due to magnetic field:


If a charged particle experiences a force which depends on v, then the region is said

to be characterized by a magnetic field. The force, Fm, is given by

                    Fm=qv * B


where B is the magnetic flux density.

  • the units of B are newtons/coulomb meter per second or Volt seconds per square meter.

  • more commonly used units are Weber’s per square meter (Wb/m2) or Tesla (T), where a Weber is a volt-second.

  • The surface integral of B over a surface S is the magnetic flux (Wb) crossing the surface.

  • The magnitude of the force is qvBsinα, where α is the angle between v and B.


then force experienced by current element in magnetic field is given as sum of force due to electric field and magnetic field i.e. Fe+Fm

lorentz-eq

                  final equation is given as :                  


                                         F = Fe+Fm


                                         F= (qe) + (qv * B) = q (e + (v * B))

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

voltage

Voltage, is is the difference in potential between two points  in an electric field. also called electromotive force. voltage is the   pressure from an electrical circuit’s power source that pushes charged electrons (current).           grater the voltage grater the flow of electric current. Voltage is symbolized by   V or E . The standard unit is the volt. One volt will drive one columb  (6.24 x 10 18 ) charge.such as electronics through a resistance of one ohm. Voltage can be direct or alternating. A direct voltage maintains the same polarity. In an alternating voltage, the polarity reverses direction periodically. The number of complete cycles per second is the frequency which is measured in hertz.
3 comments
Read more

BJT (bipolar junction transistor)

A bipolar junction transistor is a three terminal semiconductor current controlled device with two P-N junctions. The three terminals are emitter(E), base(B) and collector(C). the emitter junction is heavily doped, base is less doped and made very thin and collector terminal is moderately doped. Collector has grater size than emitter and base terminal is thinner than both. (The thinner the base, the stronger the E-C electric field, and the larger the impact of a small current injected into the base. Explained clearly in active mode operation below) emitter terminal is moderate in size. A BJT has two types of transistors: NPN transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor : In an NPN transistor a p-type material is sandwiched between two n-type materials. [gallery ids="979,978" type="rectangular"] PNP transistor : In a PNP transistor a n-type material is sandwiched between two p-type materials. [gallery ids="989,990" type="rectangular"] Oper...
2 comments
Read more

Diode

Frederick Guthrie invented the diode in 1873, but did not put it into practical use. Thomas Edison independently developed it in 1880, then used it in his 1883 patent of the incandescent light bulb. John Ambrose Fleming received the first patent on the diode itself in 1904. A Diode is a two terminal active component that conducts primarily in one direction. Diodes are one of the simplest, but most useful of all semiconductor devices. Many types of diode are used for a wide range of applications. Rectifier diodes are a vital component in power supplies where they are used to convert AC mains (line) voltage to DC. Zener diodes are used for voltage stabilization, preventing unwanted variations in DC supplies within a circuit. Signal diodes are used to obtain the audio and video signals from transmitted radio frequency signals (demodulation) and can also be used to shape and modify AC signal waveforms (clipping, limiting and DC restoration). Diodes are also built into many digital integra...
1 comment
Read more