Gauss law

Gauss's law states that the net flux of an electric field through a closed surface is proportional to the enclosed electric charge. One of the four equations of Maxwell's laws of electromagnetism, it was first formulated by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1835 and relates the electric fields at points on a closed surface (known as a "Gaussian surface") and the net charge enclosed by that surface. The electric flux is defined as the electric field passing through a given area multiplied by the area of the surface in a plane perpendicular to the field. Another statement of Gauss's law is that the net flux of an electric field through a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed divided by the permittivity.