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[caption id="attachment_43" align="alignnone" width="2717"]jargon Be passionately curious[/caption]

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P-N junction diode

A P-N junction diode is a basic diode. It is the combination of P-type and N-type semiconductor. symbol : P-N junction and potential barrier : A P-N junction is the basic building block of many semiconductor devices like diodes and transistors. P -n  junctions are formed by joining  n -type and  p -type semiconductor materials. Since the  n -type region has a high electron concentration and the  p -type a high hole concentration this difference in concentration creates density mismatch across junction which results to creation of potential barrier. The value of potential barrier v b  is 0.3 for germanium and 0.7 for silicon. Working : Forward bias: Application of positive charge at p-side pushes holes towards potential barrier and similarly negative charge at N-side pushes electrons towards barrier if input voltage is grater than potential barrier then electrons diffuse from the  n -type side to the p-type side. Similarly, holes flow by diffusion from the p-type side to the n-type side...
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resistance & resistivity

Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega (Ω). Ohms are named after George Simon Ohm (1784-1854), a German physicist who studied the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. He is credited for formulating Ohm’s Law. The electrical resistance of a circuit component or device is defined as the ratio of the voltage applied to the electric current which flows through it. The higher the resistance, the lower the current flow and vice-versa. resistivity : The electrical resistance per unit length, area, or volume of a substance is known as resistivity. Table of resistivity Material Resistivity ρ (ohm m) Temperature coefficient α per degree C Conductivity σ x 10 7 /Ωm Ref Silver 1.59 x10 -8 .0038 6.29 3 Copper 1.68 x10 -8 .00386 5.95 3 Copper, annealed 1.72 x10 -8 .00393 5.81 2 Aluminum 2.65 x10 -8 .00429 3.77 1 Tungsten 5.6 x10 -8 .0045 1.79 1 Iron 9.71 x10 -8 .00651...
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