Skip to main content

Maxwell equations

Maxwell equations:


The electric and magnetic fields are governed by a set of four laws, known as Maxwell’s equations. Maxwell’s equations form the basis for the entire electromagnetic field theory.

Max well’s equations in integral form:

1. Faraday’s law:


                        A time-varying magnetic field gives rise to an electric field. Specifically, the

electromotive force around a closed path C is equal to the negative of the time rate of

increase of the magnetic flux enclosed by that path, that is,faraday

     2. Ampere’s circuit law:

Time varying electric fields give rise to magnetic fields. Specifically, the magnetomotive force (mmf) around a closed path C is equal to the sum of the current enclosed by that path due to actual flow of charges and the displacement current due to the time rate of increase of the electric flux (or displacement flux) enclosed by that path; that is,

ampere

        3. Gauss law of electric field:

Gauss’ law for the electric field states that electric charges give rise to electric field.Specifically, the electric flux emanating from a closed surface S is equal to the charge enclosed by that surface, that is,

gauss-electric

4. Gauss law of magnetic field:

Gauss’ law for the magnetic field states that the magnetic flux emanating from a closed surface S is equal to zero, that is,

gauss magnetic.png

Max well’s equations in differential form:

max-well-differential

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

P-N junction diode

A P-N junction diode is a basic diode. It is the combination of P-type and N-type semiconductor. symbol : P-N junction and potential barrier : A P-N junction is the basic building block of many semiconductor devices like diodes and transistors. P -n  junctions are formed by joining  n -type and  p -type semiconductor materials. Since the  n -type region has a high electron concentration and the  p -type a high hole concentration this difference in concentration creates density mismatch across junction which results to creation of potential barrier. The value of potential barrier v b  is 0.3 for germanium and 0.7 for silicon. Working : Forward bias: Application of positive charge at p-side pushes holes towards potential barrier and similarly negative charge at N-side pushes electrons towards barrier if input voltage is grater than potential barrier then electrons diffuse from the  n -type side to the p-type side. Similarly, holes flow by diffusion from the p-type side to the n-type side...
4 comments
Read more

inductor

An inductor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field. In its simplest form, an inductor consists of a wire loop or coil. The inductance is directly proportional to the number of turns in the coil. Inductance also depends on the radius of the coil and on the type of material around which the coil is wound.   The standard unit of inductance is the Henry abbreviated H. This is a large unit. More common units are the micro Henry, abbreviated µH (1 µH =10 -6 H) and the milli Henry, abbreviated mH (1 mH =10 -3 H). Occasionally, the nano Henry (nH) is used (1 nH = 10 -9 H).             inductors in series & parallel : applications : Inductors are used extensively in analog circuits and signal processing. Applications range from the use of large inductors in power supplies, which in conjunction with filter capacitors remove  fluctuations from the direct current output.          
1 comment
Read more

schottky diode

introduction: schottky diode is named after named after German physicist Walter H. Schottky.  it is also called as hot carrier diode or surface barrier diode. [caption id="attachment_729" align="aligncenter" width="289"] symbol of schottky diode[/caption] construction : In P-N junction diode semiconductor(P-type)-semiconductor(N-type) junction is formed but, in the case of schottky diode metal-semiconductor junction is formed. basically metals used are molybdenum, platinum, chromium, tungsten Aluminium, gold e.t.c and the semiconductor used is N type silico n is used. working : Schottky diode is often referred as “majority carrier diode”.. When materials are joined, electrons in n-type silicon immediately flow into metal because the electrons in semi conductor are at higher energy level than metal and hence electron flow is established. The flow of electrons stops when Fermi level of two materials are at same level. Due to flow of electrons into m...
1 comment
Read more