Skip to main content

Maxwell equations

Maxwell equations:


The electric and magnetic fields are governed by a set of four laws, known as Maxwell’s equations. Maxwell’s equations form the basis for the entire electromagnetic field theory.

Max well’s equations in integral form:

1. Faraday’s law:


                        A time-varying magnetic field gives rise to an electric field. Specifically, the

electromotive force around a closed path C is equal to the negative of the time rate of

increase of the magnetic flux enclosed by that path, that is,faraday

     2. Ampere’s circuit law:

Time varying electric fields give rise to magnetic fields. Specifically, the magnetomotive force (mmf) around a closed path C is equal to the sum of the current enclosed by that path due to actual flow of charges and the displacement current due to the time rate of increase of the electric flux (or displacement flux) enclosed by that path; that is,

ampere

        3. Gauss law of electric field:

Gauss’ law for the electric field states that electric charges give rise to electric field.Specifically, the electric flux emanating from a closed surface S is equal to the charge enclosed by that surface, that is,

gauss-electric

4. Gauss law of magnetic field:

Gauss’ law for the magnetic field states that the magnetic flux emanating from a closed surface S is equal to zero, that is,

gauss magnetic.png

Max well’s equations in differential form:

max-well-differential

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

voltage

Voltage, is is the difference in potential between two points  in an electric field. also called electromotive force. voltage is the   pressure from an electrical circuit’s power source that pushes charged electrons (current).           grater the voltage grater the flow of electric current. Voltage is symbolized by   V or E . The standard unit is the volt. One volt will drive one columb  (6.24 x 10 18 ) charge.such as electronics through a resistance of one ohm. Voltage can be direct or alternating. A direct voltage maintains the same polarity. In an alternating voltage, the polarity reverses direction periodically. The number of complete cycles per second is the frequency which is measured in hertz.
3 comments
Read more

BJT (bipolar junction transistor)

A bipolar junction transistor is a three terminal semiconductor current controlled device with two P-N junctions. The three terminals are emitter(E), base(B) and collector(C). the emitter junction is heavily doped, base is less doped and made very thin and collector terminal is moderately doped. Collector has grater size than emitter and base terminal is thinner than both. (The thinner the base, the stronger the E-C electric field, and the larger the impact of a small current injected into the base. Explained clearly in active mode operation below) emitter terminal is moderate in size. A BJT has two types of transistors: NPN transistor PNP transistor NPN transistor : In an NPN transistor a p-type material is sandwiched between two n-type materials. [gallery ids="979,978" type="rectangular"] PNP transistor : In a PNP transistor a n-type material is sandwiched between two p-type materials. [gallery ids="989,990" type="rectangular"] Oper...
2 comments
Read more

resistor & potentiometer

Resistor is a two terminal passive electrical component that implants electrical resistance. in electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow. ohm's law : The behavior of an ideal resistor is dictated by the relationship specified by ohm's law. Ohm's law states that the voltage (V) across a resistor is proportional to the current (I), where the constant of proportionality is the resistance (R). resistors in series & parallel : The total resistance of resistors connected in series is the sum of their individual resistance values. The total resistance of resistors connected in parallel is the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistors. resistor color code : 1 potentiometer :  it is three terminal variable resistor.
1 comment
Read more