Maxwell equations

Maxwell equations:

The electric and magnetic fields are governed by a set of four laws, known as Maxwell’s equations. Maxwell’s equations form the basis for the entire electromagnetic field theory.

Max well’s equations in integral form:

1. Faraday’s law:

                        A time-varying magnetic field gives rise to an electric field. Specifically, the

electromotive force around a closed path C is equal to the negative of the time rate of

increase of the magnetic flux enclosed by that path, that is,

     2. Ampere’s circuit law:

Time varying electric fields give rise to magnetic fields. Specifically, the magnetomotive force (mmf) around a closed path C is equal to the sum of the current enclosed by that path due to actual flow of charges and the displacement current due to the time rate of increase of the electric flux (or displacement flux) enclosed by that path; that is,



        3. Gauss law of electric field:

Gauss’ law for the electric field states that electric charges give rise to electric field.Specifically, the electric flux emanating from a closed surface S is equal to the charge enclosed by that surface, that is,



4. Gauss law of magnetic field:

Gauss’ law for the magnetic field states that the magnetic flux emanating from a closed surface S is equal to zero, that is,



Max well’s equations in differential form: