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Network Theorems


  1. Superposition theorem

  2. Thevenins & Norton's Theorem

  3. Maximum power transfer theorem

  4. Reciprocity Theorem

  5. Millimans Theorem

  6. Substitution Theorem

  7. Tellegens Theorem

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relay

A relay is an electrically operated switch. These are remote control electrical switches that are controlled by another switch. A relay is used to isolate one electrical circuit from another. It allows a low current control circuit to make or break an electrically isolated high current circuit path. The basic relay consists of a coil and a set of contacts. The most common relay coil is a length of magnet wire wrapped around a metal core. When voltage is applied to the coil, current passes through the wire and creates a magnetic field. This magnetic field pulls the contacts together and holds them there until the current flow in the coil has stopped. The diagram below shows the parts of a simple relay. Operation: When a current flows through the coil, the resulting magnetic field attracts an armature that is mechanically linked to a moving contact. The movement either makes or breaks a connection with a fixed contact. When the current is switched off, the armature is usually returned by...
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Tellegens Theorem

Tellegen theorem states that  the summation of instantaneous powers for the n number of branches in an electrical network is zero. Suppose n number of branches in an electrical network have i 1 , i 2 , i 3 , .............i n respective instantaneous currents through them. These currents satisfy Kirchhoff's Current Law . Again, suppose these branches have instantaneous voltages across them are v 1 , v 2 , v 3 , ........... v n respectively. If these voltages across these elements satisfy Kirchhoff Voltage Law then,
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Lorentz force equation

  Lorentz Force Equation   The force experienced by current element in magnetic field is given as sum of force due to electric field and magnetic field.   Force due to electric field: A region is said to be characterized by an electric field if a particle of charge q moving with a velocity v experiences a force Fe, independent of v. The force, Fe, is given by              F e = qE ---------------------------------------- (1.1)                    E is the electric field intensity. Measured in newtons per coulomb (N/C) or volts per meter. Where volt is a newton-meter per coulomb. The line integral of E between two points A and B in an electric field region gives voltage between A and B. It is the work per unit charge done by the field in the movement of the charge from A to B. Force due to magnetic field: If a charged particle experiences a force which depends on v, then the region is said to be characterized by a magnetic field. The force, Fm, is given by                     F m =...
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